A novel high-performance complete fully differential two-stagecascade amplifier in bipolar transistor implementation
Authors: E. Karoussos, V. D. Pavlović
Keywords: complete fully differential amplifier; analogy electronic; clear factor distortion; linearity error; audio processing; audio frequency amplifiers
Abstract:
We present a novel, universal architecture for a cascade linear symmetric fully differential amplifier. It is applicable to all implementation sets of complementary pair devices such as BJT, JFET, MOSFET. The presented examples demonstrate the superiority of the proposed circuit over the existing solutions. Comparison of the proposed and the traditional differential amplifier is done under the same quiescent conditions and with the same set of complementary npn-pnp devices. Characteristics are illustrated in frequency and time domain, and it is also given linearity error of voltage transfer characteristic amplifier. A common mode gain of the proposed amplifier with a double-ended output is negligible because the new structure is inherently fully symmetric. Prospective applications of the proposed amplifier include permanent monitoring of the natural phenomena, audio signals of speech and music, and also various signals in medicine, pharmacy, science, technique and other areas. Linearity error of the static voltage transfer characteristic of the novel amplifier is 0.0072 mV for 1 Vpp of the output signal. Classical amplifier produces significantly higher linearity error of 19.24 mV for output voltage swing of 0.86 Vpp. Proposed design strategy of operational amplifiers employing new complete fully differential amplifier will have application in processing of differential real signal in s domain and also real and complex sequences in z domain, special audio and RF signal.
References:
[1] Aleman, M., Cerdeira, A. (2004) Determination of non-linear harmonic distortion in SPICE using the integral function method. MIEL, vol. 2, 593-596, May
[2] Aloisi, W., Giustolisi, G., Palumbo, G. (2005) Design and comparison of very low-voltage CMOS output stages. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 52(8): 1545-1556
[3] Asai, N., Kuba, I., Kuo, H. (2003) Multiplicative renormalization and generating function, Part I. Taiwanese Journal of Mathematics, vol. 7, br. 1, str. 89-101, Mar
[4] Asai, N., Kuba, I., Kuo, H. (2004) Multiplicative renormalization and generating function, Part II. Taiwanese Journal of Mathematics, vol. 8, br. 4, str. 593-628, Dec
[5] Babcock, J.A., Loftin, B., Madhani, P., Xinfen, C., Pinto, A., Schroder, D.K. (2001) Comparative low frequency noise analysis of bipolar and MOS transistors using an advanced complementary BiCMOS technology. u: Proc. Of the IEEE Conference on custom integrated circuits, San Diego, CA, USA, 385-388
[6] Baruqui, F.A.P., Petraglia, A. (2006) Linearly Tunable CMOS OTA With Constant Dynamic Range Using Source-Degenerated Current Mirrors. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 53(9): 797-801
[7] Buonomo, A., Schiavo, A. (2005) Analysis of Nonlinear Distortion in Analog Integrated Circuits. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, 52, 8, 1620-1631
[8] Cannizzaro, S.O., Palumbo, G., Pennisi, S. (2008) An approach to model high-frequency distortion in negative-feedback amplifiers. International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications, 36(1): 3-18
[9] Chawla, R., Adil, F., Serrano, G., Hasler, P.E. (2007) Programmable $G_{m}$– $C$ Filters Using Floating-Gate Operational Transconductance Amplifiers. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 54(3): 481-491
[10] Cherifi, T., Abouchi, N., Guo-Neng, L., Bouchet-Fakri, L., Quiquerez, L., Sorli, B., Chateaux, J.F., Pitaval, M., Morin, P. (2005) A CMOS microcoil-associated preamplifier for NMR spectroscopy. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 52(12): 2576-2583
[11] Çiçekoğlu, O., Kuntman, H. (1994) A novel approach to the calculation of nonlinear harmonic distortion coefficients in BJT differential amplifiers. Microelectronics Journal, 25(4): 293-299
[12] Duong, Q., Le, C. (2006) A 95-dB Linear Low-Power Variable Gain Amplifier. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, 53, 8, 670-674
[13] Embabi, S.H.K., Gonggui, X. (2000) A systematic approach in constructing fully differential amplifiers. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, 47(11): 1343-1347
[14] Goel, S., Elgamel, M.A., Bayoumi, M.A., Hanafy, Y. (2006) Design methodologies for high-performance noise-tolerant XOR-XNOR circuits. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 53(4): 867-878
[15] Hernes, B., Sansen, W. (2005) Distortion in single-, two- and three-stage amplifiers. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 52(5): 846-856
[16] Ivanov, V., Zhou, J., Filanovsky, I.M. (2007) A 100-dB CMRR CMOS Operational Amplifier With Single-Supply Capability. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 54(5): 397-401
[17] Jung, W. (2005) Op Amp applications handbook. Elsevier
[18] Lin, T., Wu, C., Tsai, M. (2007) A 0.8-V 0.25-mW Current-Mirror OTA With 160-MHz GBW in 0.18-$\mu{\hbox {m}}$ CMOS. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 54(2): 131-135
[19] Liobe, J., Margala, M. (2007) Novel Process and Temperature-Stable, IDD Sensor for the BIST Design of Embedded Digital, Analog, and Mixed-Signal Circuits. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 54(9): 1900-1915
[20] Litovski, V.B. (2006) Osnovi elektronike. Belgrade: Akademska misao
[21] Lo, T., Hung, C. (2007) A Wide Tuning Range $G_{m}$ –$C$ Continuous-Time Analog Filter. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 54(4): 713-722
[22] Lundstrom, M., Guo, J. (2006) Nanoscale transistor: Device physics, modeling and simulation. Springer
[23] Mahattanakul, J. (2005) Design procedure for two-stage CMOS operational amplifiers employing current buffer. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 52(11): 766-770
[24] Matsumoto, F., Noguchi, Y. (2004) Linear Bipolar OTAs Based on a Triple-Tail Cell Employing Exponential Circuits. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 51(12): 670-674
[25] Mita, R., Palumbo, G., Pennisi, S. (2005) Low-voltage high-drive CMOS current feedback op-amp. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 52(6): 317-321
[26] Palumbo, G., Penessi, S. (2002) Feedback amplifier: Theory and design. Norwell, MA: Kluwer
[27] Pavlović, V.D. (2005) Synthesis of filter function using gene ratings functions of classical orthogonal polynomials. Journal of Technical Sciences and Mathematics, Kosovska Mitrovica, vol. 10, br. 1, str. 35-46
[28] Peng, S., Hasler, P.E., Anderson, D.V. (2007) An Analog Programmable Multidimensional Radial Basis Function Based Classifier. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 54(10): 2148-2158
[29] Pennisi, S., Piccioni, M., Scotti, G., Trifiletti, A. (2006) High-CMRR Current Amplifier Architecture and Its CMOS Implementation. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 53(10): 1118-1122
[30] Price, T.E. (1997) Analog electronics: An integrated PSpice approach. Prentice Hall
[31] Raković, B.D., Pavlović, V.D. (1987) Method of designing doubly terminated loss ladder filters with increased element tolerances. IEE Proceedings, vol. 134, Pt.G, br. 6, Dec. str. 285-291
[32] Ramirez-Angulo, J., Carvajal, R.G., Torralba, A. (2004) Low Supply Voltage High-Performance CMOS Current Mirror With Low Input and Output Voltage Requirements. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 51(3): 124-129
[33] Sansen, W. (1999) Distortion in elementary transistor circuits. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, 46(3): 315-325
[34] Song, T., Hu, J., Li, X., Yan, S. (2007) Constant-gm Constant-Slew-Rate Rail-to-Rail Input Stage With Static Feedback and Dynamic Current Steering for VLSI Cell Libraries. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 54(1): 76-80
[35] Zhang, X., El-Masry, E.I. (2007) A Novel CMOS OTA Based on Body-Driven MOSFETs and its Applications in OTA-C Filters. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 54(6): 1204-1212